MECHANICAL Sem-4

ME3491-THEORY OF MACHINES

UNIT I - KINEMATICS OF MECHANISMS

Mechanisms – Terminology and definitions – kinematics inversions of 4 bar and slide crank chain – kinematics analysis in simple mechanisms – velocity and acceleration polygons– Analytical methods – computer approach – cams – classifications – displacement diagrams - layout of plate cam profiles – derivatives of followers motion – circular arc and tangent cams

UNIT II - GEARS AND GEAR TRAINS

Spur gear – law of toothed gearing – involute gearing – Interchangeable gears – Gear tooth action interference and undercutting – nonstandard teeth – gear trains – parallel axis gears trains – epicyclic gear trains – automotive transmission gear trains

UNIT III - FRICTION IN MACHINE ELEMENTS

Surface contacts – Sliding and Rolling friction – Friction drives – Friction in screw threads – Bearings and lubrication – Friction clutches – Belt and rope drives – Friction aspects in brakes– Friction in vehicle propulsion and braking

UNIT IV - FORCE ANALYSIS

Applied and Constrained Forces – Free body diagrams – static Equilibrium conditions – Two, Three and four members – Static Force analysis in simple machine members – Dynamic Force Analysis – Inertia Forces and Inertia Torque – D’Alembert’s principle – superposition principle – dynamic Force Analysis in simple machine members

UNIT V - BALANCING AND VIBRATION

Static and Dynamic balancing – Balancing of revolving and reciprocating masses – Balancing machines – free vibrations – Equations of motion – natural Frequency – Damped Vibration – bending critical speed of simple shaft – Torsional vibration – Forced vibration – harmonic Forcing – Vibration isolation. (Gyroscopic principles)

ME3451 - THERMAL ENGINEERING

UNIT I - THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES

Air Standard Cycles – Carnot, Otto, Diesel, Dual, Brayton – Cycle Analysis, Performance and Comparison, Basic Rankine Cycle, modified, reheat and regenerative cycles

UNIT II - STEAM NOZZLES AND INJECTOR

Types and Shapes of nozzles, Flow of steam through nozzles, Critical pressure ratio, Variation of mass flow rate with pressure ratio. Effect of friction. Metastable flow

UNIT III - STEAM AND GAS TURBINES

Types, Impulse and reaction principles, Velocity diagrams, Work done and efficiency – optimal operating conditions. Multi-staging, compounding and governing. Gas turbine cycle analysis – open and closed cycle. Performance and its improvement - Regenerative, Intercooled, Reheated cycles and their combination

UNIT IV - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES – FEATURES AND COMBUSTION

IC engine – Classification, working, components and their functions. Ideal and actual : Valve and port timing diagrams, p-v diagrams- two stroke & four stroke, and SI & CI engines – comparison. Geometric, operating, and performance comparison of SI and CI engines. Desirable properties and qualities of fuels. Air-fuel ratio calculation – lean and rich mixtures. Combustion in SI & CI Engines – Knocking – phenomena and control

UNIT V - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

Performance and Emission Testing, Performance parameters and calculations. Morse and Heat Balance tests. Multipoint Fuel Injection system and Common rail direct injection systems. Ignition systems – Magneto, Battery and Electronic. Lubrication and Cooling systems. Concepts of Supercharging and Turbocharging – Emission Norms

ME3492 - HYDRAULICS AND PNEUMATICS

UNIT I - FLUID POWER PRINICIPLES AND HYDRAULIC PUMPS

Introduction to Fluid power – Advantages and Applications – Fluid power systems – Types of fluids - Properties of fluids and selection – Basics of Hydraulics – Pascal’s Law – Principles of flow - Friction loss – Work, Power and Torque- Problems, Sources of Hydraulic power: Pumping Theory-– Pump Classification – Construction, Working, Design, Advantages, Disadvantages, Performance, Selection criteria of pumps – Fixed and Variable displacement pumps – Problems

UNIT II- HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS AND CONTROL COMPONENTS

Hydraulic Actuators: Cylinders – Types and construction, Application, Hydraulic cushioning – Rotary Actuators-Hydraulic motors - Control Components: Direction Control, Flow control and pressure control valves – Types, Construction and Operation – Accessories: Reservoirs, Pressure Switches – Filters –types and selection- Applications – Fluid Power ANSI Symbols – Problems

UNIT III - HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS

Accumulators, Intensifiers, Industrial hydraulic circuits – Regenerative, Pump Unloading, Double-Pump, Pressure Intensifier, Air-over oil, Sequence, Reciprocation, Synchronization, Fail-Safe, Speed Control, Deceleration circuits, Sizing of hydraulic systems, Hydrostatic transmission, Electro hydraulic circuits, –Servo and Proportional valves – Applications- Mechanical, hydraulic servo systems

UNIT IV - PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRO PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

Properties of air –Air preparation and distribution – Filters, Regulator, Lubricator, Muffler, Air control Valves, Quick Exhaust Valves, Pneumatic actuators, Design of Pneumatic circuit –classification- single cylinder and multi cylinder circuits-Cascade method –Integration of fringe circuits, Electro Pneumatic System – Elements – Ladder diagram – timer circuits-Problems, Introduction to fluidics and pneumatic logic circuits

UNIT V - TROUBLE SHOOTING AND APPLICATIONS

Installation, Selection, Maintenance, Trouble Shooting and Remedies in Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems, Conditioning of hydraulic fluids Design of hydraulic circuits for Drilling, Planning, Shaping, Surface grinding, Press and Forklift applications- mobile hydraulics; Design of Pneumatic circuits for metal working, handling, clamping counter and timer circuits. – Low-cost Automation – Hydraulic and Pneumatic power packs, IOT in Hydraulics and pneumatics Note: (Use of standard Design Data Book is permitted in the University examination)

ME3493 - MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I - MECHANICS OF METAL CUTTING

Mechanics of chip formation, forces in machining, Types of chip, cutting tools – single point cutting tool nomenclature, orthogonal and oblique metal cutting, thermal aspects, cutting tool materials, tool wear, tool life, surface finish, cutting fluids and Machinability

UNIT II - TURNING MACHINES

Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread cutting methods, special attachments, surface roughness in turning, machining time and power estimation. Special lathes - Capstan and turret lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi-automatic – single spindle: Swiss type, automatic screw type – multi spindle

UNIT III - RECIPROCATING MACHINE TOOLS

Reciprocating machine tools: shaper, planer, slotter: Types and operations- Hole making: Drilling, reaming, boring, tapping, type of milling operations-attachments- types of milling cutters– machining time calculation - Gear cutting, gear hobbing and gear shaping – gear finishing methods Abrasive processes: grinding wheel – specifications and selection, types of grinding process – cylindrical grinding, surface grinding, centreless grinding, internal grinding - micro finishing methods

UNIT IV - CNC MACHINES

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tools, constructional details, special features – Drives, Recirculating ball screws, tool changers; CNC Control systems – Open/closed, point-to-point/continuous - Turning and machining centres – Work holding methods in Turning and machining centres, Coolant systems, Safety features

UNIT V - PROGRAMMING OF CNC MACHINE TOOLS

Coordinates, axis and motion, Absolute vs Incremental, Interpolators, Polar coordinates, Program planning, G and M codes, Manual part programming for CNC machining centers and Turning centers – Fixed cycles, Loops and subroutines, Setting up a CNC machine for machining

CE3491 - STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

UNIT I - STRESS, STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS

Rigid bodies and deformable solids – Tension, Compression and Shear Stresses - Deformation of simple and compound bars – Thermal stresses – Elastic constants - Volumertric strains – Stresses on inclined planes – Principal stresses and principal planes – Mohr’s circle of stress

UNIT II - TRANSVERSE LOADING ON BEAMS AND STRESSES IN BEAM

Beams – Types - Transverse loading on beams – Shear force and Bending moment in beams – Cantilever, Simply supported and over hanging beams. Theory of simple bending – Bending stress distribution – Load carrying capacity – Proportioning of sections – Flitched beams – Shear stress distribution

UNIT III - TORSION

Theory of Torsion – Stresses and Deformations in Solid and Hollow Circular Shafts – Combined bending moment and torsion of shafts - Power transmitted to shaft – Shaft in series and parallel – Closed and Open Coiled helical springs – springs in series and parallel

UNIT IV - DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

Elastic curve – Governing differential equation - Double integration method - Macaulay's method - Area moment method - Conjugate beam method for computation of slope and deflection of determinant beams

UNIT V - THIN CYLINDERS, SPHERES AND THICK CYLINDERS

Stresses in thin cylindrical shell due to internal pressure - circumferential and longitudinal stresses - Deformation in thin cylinders – Spherical shells subjected to internal pressure – Deformation in spherical shells – Thick cylinders - Lame’s theory

GE3451 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY

UNIT I - ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY

Definition, scope and importance of environment – need for public awareness. Eco-system and Energy flow– ecological succession. Types of biodiversity: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity– values of biodiversity, India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ

UNIT II - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Causes, Effects and Preventive measures of Water, Soil, Air and Noise Pollutions. Solid, Hazardous and E-Waste management. Case studies on Occupational Health and Safety Management system (OHASMS). Environmental protection, Environmental protection acts

UNIT III - RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

Energy management and conservation, New Energy Sources: Need of new sources. Different types new energy sources. Applications of- Hydrogen energy, Ocean energy resources, Tidal energy conversion. Concept, origin and power plants of geothermal energy

UNIT IV - SUSTAINABILITY AND MANAGEMENT

Development, GDP, Sustainability- concept, needs and challenges-economic, social and aspects of sustainability-from unsustainability to sustainability-millennium development goals, and protocols-Sustainable Development Goals-targets, indicators and intervention areas Climate change- Global, Regional and local environmental issues and possible solutions-case studies. Concept of Carbon Credit, Carbon Footprint. Environmental management in industry-A case study

UNIT V - SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES

Zero waste and R concept, Circular economy, ISO 14000 Series, Material Life cycle assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment. Sustainable habitat: Green buildings, Green materials, Energy efficiency, Sustainable transports.Sustainable energy: Non-conventional Sources, Energy Cycles-carbon cycle, emission and sequestration, Green Engineering: Sustainable urbanization- Socio-Economical and technological change