CSE Sem-5

UNIT I - INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATION LAYER

Data Communication - Networks – Network Types – Protocol Layering – TCP/IP Protocol suite – OSI Model – Introduction to Sockets - Application Layer protocols: HTTP – FTP – Email protocols (SMTP - POP3 - IMAP - MIME) – DNS – SNMP.

UNIT II - TRANSPORT LAYER

Introduction - Transport-Layer Protocols: UDP – TCP: Connection Management – Flow control - Congestion Control - Congestion avoidance (DECbit, RED) – SCTP – Quality of Service.

UNIT III - NETWORK LAYER

Switching : Packet Switching - Internet protocol - IPV4 – IP Addressing – Subnetting - IPV6, ARP, RARP, ICMP, DHCP

UNIT IV - ROUTING

Routing and protocols: Unicast routing - Distance Vector Routing - RIP - Link State Routing – OSPF – Path-vector routing - BGP - Multicast Routing: DVMRP – PIM.

UNIT V - DATA LINK AND PHYSICAL LAYERS

Data Link Layer – Framing – Flow control – Error control – Data-Link Layer Protocols – HDLC – PPP - Media Access Control – Ethernet Basics – CSMA/CD – Virtual LAN – Wireless LAN (802.11) - Physical Layer: Data and Signals - Performance – Transmission media- Switching – Circuit Switching.

UNIT I - INTRODUCTION TO COMPILERS & LEXICAL ANALYSIS

Introduction- Translators- Compilation and Interpretation- Language processors -The Phases of Compiler – Lexical Analysis – Role of Lexical Analyzer – Input Buffering – Specification of Tokens – Recognition of Tokens – Finite Automata – Regular Expressions to Automata NFA, DFA – Minimizing DFA - Language for Specifying Lexical Analyzers – Lex tool.

UNIT II - SYNTAX ANALYSIS

Role of Parser – Grammars – Context-free grammars – Writing a grammar Top Down Parsing - General Strategies - Recursive Descent Parser Predictive Parser-LL(1) - Parser-Shift Reduce Parser-LR Parser- LR (0)Item Construction of SLR Parsing Table - Introduction to LALR Parser - Error Handling and Recovery in Syntax Analyzer-YACC tool - Design of a syntax Analyzer for a Sample Language.

UNIT III - SYNTAX DIRECTED TRANSLATION & INTERMEDIATE CODE GENERATION

Syntax directed Definitions-Construction of Syntax Tree-Bottom-up Evaluation of S-Attribute Definitions- Design of predictive translator - Type Systems-Specification of a simple type Checker￾Equivalence of Type Expressions-Type Conversions. Intermediate Languages: Syntax Tree, Three Address Code, Types and Declarations, Translation of Expressions, Type Checking, Back patching.

UNIT IV - RUN-TIME ENVIRONMENT AND CODE GENERATION

Runtime Environments – source language issues – Storage organization – Storage Allocation Strategies: Static, Stack and Heap allocation - Parameter Passing-Symbol Tables - Dynamic Storage Allocation - Issues in the Design of a code generator – Basic Blocks and Flow graphs - Design of a simple Code Generator - Optimal Code Generation for Expressions– Dynamic Programming Code Generation.

UNIT V - CODE OPTIMIZATION

Principal Sources of Optimization – Peep-hole optimization - DAG- Optimization of Basic Blocks - Global Data Flow Analysis - Efficient Data Flow Algorithm – Recent trends in Compiler Design.

UNIT I - INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY

Computer Security Concepts – The OSI Security Architecture – Security Attacks – Security Services and Mechanisms – A Model for Network Security – Classical encryption techniques: Substitution techniques, Transposition techniques, Steganography – Foundations of modern cryptography: Perfect security – Information Theory – Product Cryptosystem – Cryptanalysis.

UNIT II- SYMMETRIC CIPHERS

Number theory – Algebraic Structures – Modular Arithmetic - Euclid‘s algorithm – Congruence and matrices – Group, Rings, Fields, Finite Fields

SYMMETRIC KEY CIPHERS: SDES – Block Ciphers – DES, Strength of DES – Differential and linear cryptanalysis – Block cipher design principles – Block cipher mode of operation – Evaluation criteria for AES – Pseudorandom Number Generators – RC4 – Key distribution.

UNIT III - ASYMMETRIC CRYPTOGRAPHY

MATHEMATICS OF ASYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY: Primes – Primality Testing – Factorization – Euler’s totient function, Fermat’s and Euler’s Theorem – Chinese Remainder Theorem – Exponentiation and logarithm

ASYMMETRIC KEY CIPHERS: RSA cryptosystem – Key distribution – Key management – Diffie Hellman key exchange -– Elliptic curve arithmetic – Elliptic curve cryptography.

UNIT IV - INTEGRITY AND AUTHENTICATION ALGORITHMS

Authentication requirement – Authentication function – MAC – Hash function – Security of hash function: HMAC, CMAC – SHA – Digital signature and authentication protocols – DSS – Schnorr Digital Signature Scheme – ElGamal cryptosystem – Entity Authentication: Biometrics, Passwords, Challenge Response protocols – Authentication applications – Kerberos MUTUAL TRUST: Key management and distribution – Symmetric key distribution using symmetric and asymmetric encryption – Distribution of public keys – X.509 Certificates.

UNIT V - CYBER CRIMES AND CYBER SECURITY

Cyber Crime and Information Security – classifications of Cyber Crimes – Tools and Methods – Password Cracking, Keyloggers, Spywares, SQL Injection – Network Access Control – Cloud Security – Web Security – Wireless Security.

UNIT I - INTRODUCTION

Introduction: Definition-Relation to Computer System Components – Motivation – Message -Passing Systems versus Shared Memory Systems – Primitives for Distributed Communication – Synchronous versus Asynchronous Executions – Design Issues and Challenges; A Model of Distributed Computations: A Distributed Program – A Model of Distributed Executions – Models of Communication Networks – Global State of a Distributed System.

UNIT II - LOGICAL TIME AND GLOBAL STATE

Logical Time: Physical Clock Synchronization: NTP – A Framework for a System of Logical Clocks – Scalar Time – Vector Time; Message Ordering and Group Communication: Message Ordering Paradigms – Asynchronous Execution with Synchronous Communication – Synchronous Program Order on Asynchronous System – Group Communication – Causal Order – Total Order; Global State and Snapshot Recording Algorithms: Introduction – System Model and Definitions – Snapshot Algorithms for FIFO Channels.

UNIT III - DISTRIBUTED MUTEX AND DEADLOCK

Distributed Mutual exclusion Algorithms: Introduction – Preliminaries – Lamport’s algorithm – Ricart￾Agrawala’s Algorithm –– Token-Based Algorithms – Suzuki-Kasami’s Broadcast Algorithm; Deadlock Detection in Distributed Systems: Introduction – System Model – Preliminaries – Models of Deadlocks – Chandy-Misra-Haas Algorithm for the AND model and OR Model.

UNIT IV - CONSENSUS AND RECOVERY

Consensus and Agreement Algorithms: Problem Definition – Overview of Results – Agreement in a Failure-Free System(Synchronous and Asynchronous) – Agreement in Synchronous Systems with Failures; Checkpointing and Rollback Recovery: Introduction – Background and Definitions – Issues in Failure Recovery – Checkpoint-based Recovery – Coordinated Checkpointing Algorithm - - Algorithm for Asynchronous Checkpointing and Recovery.

UNIT V - CLOUD COMPUTING

Definition of Cloud Computing – Characteristics of Cloud – Cloud Deployment Models – Cloud Service Models – Driving Factors and Challenges of Cloud – Virtualization – Load Balancing – Scalability and Elasticity – Replication – Monitoring – Cloud Services and Platforms: Compute Services – Storage Services – Application Services.