CIVIL Sem-4

CE3401 -APPLIED HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING

UNIT I - UNIFORM FLOW

Definition and differences between pipe flow and open channel flow - Types of Flow - Properties of open channel - Fundamental equations - Sub-critical, Super-critical and Critical flow - Velocity distribution in open channel - Steady uniform flow: Chezy’s equation, Manning equation - Best hydraulic sections for uniform flow - Computation in Uniform Flow - Specific energy and specific force

UNIT II - VARIED FLOWS

Dynamic equations of gradually varied - Water surface flow profile classifications: Hydraulic Slope, Hydraulic Curve - Profile determination by Numerical method: Direct step method and Standard step method – Change in Grades

UNIT III - RAPIDLY VARIED FLOWS

Application of the momentum equation for RVF - Hydraulic jumps - Types - Energy dissipation – Positive and Negative surges

UNIT IV - TURBINES

Turbines - Classification - Impulse turbine – Pelton wheel - Reaction turbines - Francis turbine - Kaplan turbine - Draft tube - Cavitation - Performance of turbine - Specific speed - Runaway speed – Minimum Speed to start the pum

UNIT V - PUMPS

Centrifugal pumps - Minimum speed to start the pump - NPSH - Cavitation’s in pumps - Operating characteristics - Multistage pumps - Reciprocating pumps - Negative slip - Indicator diagrams and its variations - Air vessels - Savings in work done

CE3402 - STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

UNIT I - SIMPLE AND COMPOUND STRESSES

Stresses in simple and compound bars – Thermal stresses – Elastic constants - Thin cylindrical and spherical shells – Biaxial state of stress – Principal stresses and principal planes – Mohr’s circle of stresses - Torsion on circular shafts

UNIT II - BENDING OF BEAMS

Types of beams and transverse loadings– Shear force and bending moment for simply supported, cantilever and over-hanging beams - Theory of simple bending – Bending stress distribution – Shear stress distribution

UNIT III - DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

Double Integration method – Macaulay’s method – Area moment method – Conjugate beam method - Strain energy method for determinate beam

UNIT IV - INDETERMINATE BEAMS

Propped Cantilever and Fixed Beams – Fixed end moments reactions, slope and deflection for standard cases of loading –– Continuous beams – support reactions and moments – Theorem of three moments – Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

UNIT V - ADVANCED TOPICS

Unsymmetrical bending of beams - shear centerapplied - Thick cylinders - Theories of failure – Principal stress, principal strain, shear stress, strain energy and distortion energy theories – application problems

CE3403 - CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I - CONSTITUENT MATERIALS

Cement-Different types-Chemical composition and Properties -Tests on cement-IS Specifications- Aggregates-Classification-Mechanical properties and tests as per BIS Grading requirements-Water- Quality of water for use in concrete

UNIT II- CHEMICAL AND MINERAL ADMIXTURES

Accelerators-Retarders- Plasticisers- Super plasticizers- Water proofers - Mineral Admixtures like Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Metakaoline -Their effects on concrete properties

UNIT III - PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE MIX

Principles of Mix Proportioning-Properties of concrete related to Mix Design-Physical properties of materials required for Mix Design - Design Mix and Nominal Mix-BIS Method of Mix Design - Mix Design Examples

UNIT IV - FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

Workability-Tests for workability of concrete-Slump Test and Compacting factor Test-Segregation and Bleeding-Determination of Compressive and Flexural strength as per BIS - Properties of Hardened concrete- Stress-strain curve for concrete-Determination of Modulus of elasticity

UNIT V - SPECIAL CONCRETES

Light weight concretes - High strength concrete - Fibre reinforced concrete – Ferrocement - Ready mix concrete - SIFCON - Shotcrete – Polymer concrete - High performance concrete- self compacting concrete - Geopolymer Concrete

CE3404 - SOIL MECHANICS

UNIT I - SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND COMPACTION

Formation of soil - Soil description – Particle – Size shape and colour – Composition of gravel, sand, silt, clay particles – Particle behaviour – Soil structure – Phase relationship – Index properties – Significance – BIS classification system – Unified classification system – Compaction of soils – Theory, Laboratory and field tests – Field Compaction methods – Factors influencing compaction of soils

UNIT II - EFFECTIVE STRESS AND PERMEABILITY

Soil - water – Static pressure in water - Effective stress concepts in soils – Capillary phenomena Permeability interaction – Hydraulic conductivity – Darcy’s law – Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity – Laboratory Determination (Constant head and falling head methods) and field measurement pumping out in unconfined and confined aquifer – Factors influencing permeability of soils – Seepage - Two dimensional flow – Laplace’s equation – Introduction to flow nets – Simple problems. (Sheet pile and weir)

UNIT III - STRESS DISTRIBUTION AND SETTLEMENT

Stress distribution in homogeneous and isotropic medium – Boussinesq theory – (Point land, Line land and udl) Use of New marks influence chart –Components of settlement –– Immediate and consolidation settlement – Terzaghi’s one dimensional consolidation theory – Computation of rate of settlement. - √t and log t methods– e-log p relationship

UNIT IV - SHEAR STRENGTH

Shear strength of cohesive and cohesion less soils – Mohr-Coulomb failure theory – Measurement of shear strength - Direct shear, Triaxial compression, UCC and Vane shear tests – Pore pressure parameters – Cyclic mobility – Liquefaction

UNIT V - SLOPE STABILITY

Stability Analysis - Infinite slopes and finite slopes – Total stress analysis for saturated clay – Friction circle method – Use of stability number – Method of slices – Fellenious and Bishop’s method - Slope protection measures

CE3405 - HIGHWAY AND RAILWAY ENGINEERING

UNIT I - HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Classification of highways – Institutions for Highway planning, design and construction at different levels – factors influencing highway alignment –Typical cross sections of Urban and Rural roads – Engineering surveys for alignment- Conventional and Modern method

UNIT II - DESIGN OF HIGHWAY ELEMENTS

Cross sectional elements – Horizontal curves, super elevation, transition curves, widening of curves – Sight distances – Vertical curves, gradients– pavement components and their role - Design practice for flexible and rigid pavements (IRC methods only)

UNIT III - HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE

Highway construction materials, properties, testing methods – Construction practice of flexible and concrete pavement- Highway drainage – Evaluation and Maintenance of pavements

UNIT IV - RAILWAY PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION

Elements of permanent way – Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, rail fixtures and fastenings, Selection of gauges - Track Stress, coning of wheels, creep in rails, defects in rails – Route alignment surveys, conventional and modern methods-Geometric design of railway, gradient, super elevation, widening of gauge on curves (Problems)-Railway drainage- Level Crossings-Signalling

UNIT V - RAILWAY TRACK CONSTRUCTION MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION

Points and Crossings - Design of Turnouts, Working Principle-Track Circuiting - Construction & Maintenance – Conventional, Modern methods and Materials, Lay outs of Railway Stations and Yards, Rolling Stock, Tractive Power, Track Resistance - Role of Indian Railways in National Development – Railways for Urban Transportation – LRT & MRTS Feasibility study, Planning and construction

GE3451 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY

UNIT I - ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY

Definition, scope and importance of environment – need for public awareness. Eco-system and Energy flow– ecological succession. Types of biodiversity: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity– values of biodiversity, India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ

UNIT II - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Causes, Effects and Preventive measures of Water, Soil, Air and Noise Pollutions. Solid, Hazardous and E-Waste management. Case studies on Occupational Health and Safety Management system (OHASMS). Environmental protection, Environmental protection acts

UNIT III - RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

Energy management and conservation, New Energy Sources: Need of new sources. Different types new energy sources. Applications of- Hydrogen energy, Ocean energy resources, Tidal energy conversion. Concept, origin and power plants of geothermal energy

UNIT IV - SUSTAINABILITY AND MANAGEMENT

Development, GDP, Sustainability- concept, needs and challenges-economic, social and aspects of sustainability-from unsustainability to sustainability-millennium development goals, and protocols-Sustainable Development Goals-targets, indicators and intervention areas Climate change- Global, Regional and local environmental issues and possible solutions-case studies. Concept of Carbon Credit, Carbon Footprint. Environmental management in industry-A case study

UNIT V - SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES

Zero waste and R concept, Circular economy, ISO 14000 Series, Material Life cycle assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment. Sustainable habitat: Green buildings, Green materials, Energy efficiency, Sustainable transports.Sustainable energy: Non-conventional Sources, Energy Cycles-carbon cycle, emission and sequestration, Green Engineering: Sustainable urbanization- Socio-Economical and technological change