CIVIL Sem-3

UNIT I - PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Formation of partial differential equations –Solutions of standard types of first order partial differential equations - First order partial differential equations reducible to standard types- Lagrange’s linear equation - Linear partial differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients of both homogeneous and non-homogeneous types

UNIT II - FOURIER SERIES

Dirichlet’s conditions – General Fourier series – Odd and even functions – Half range sine series and cosine series – Root mean square value – Parseval’s identity – Harmonic analysis

UNIT III - APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Classification of PDE – Method of separation of variables - Fourier series solutions of one dimensional wave equation – One dimensional equation of heat conduction – Steady state solution of two dimensional equation of heat conduction (Cartesian coordinates only)

UNIT IV - FOURIER TRANSFORMS

Statement of Fourier integral theorem– Fourier transform pair – Fourier sine and cosine transforms – Properties – Transforms of simple functions – Convolution theorem – Parseval’s identity

UNIT V - Z - TRANSFORMS AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS

Z-transforms - Elementary properties – Convergence of Z-transforms - – Initial and final value theorems - Inverse Z-transform using partial fraction and convolution theorem - Formation of difference equations – Solution of difference equations using Z - transforms.

UNIT I - STATICS OF PARTICLES

Fundamental Concepts and Principles, Systems of Units, Method of Problem Solutions, Statics of Particles -Forces in a Plane, Resultant of Forces, Resolution of a Force into Components, Rectangular Components of a Force, Unit Vectors. Equilibrium of a Particle- Newton’s First Law of Motion, Space and Free-Body Diagrams, Forces in Space, Equilibrium of a Particle in Space

UNIT II - EQUILIBRIUM OF RIGID BODIES

Principle of Transmissibility, Equivalent Forces, Vector Product of Two Vectors, Moment of a Force about a Point, Varignon’s Theorem, Rectangular Components of the Moment of a Force, Scalar Product of Two Vectors, Mixed Triple Product of Three Vectors, Moment of a Force about an Axis, Couple - Moment of a Couple, Equivalent Couples, Addition of Couples, Resolution of a Given Force into a Force -Couple system, Further Reduction of a System of Forces, Equilibrium in Two and Three Dimensions - Reactions at Supports and Connections

UNIT III - DISTRIBUTED FORCES

Centroids of lines and areas – symmetrical and unsymmetrical shapes, Determination of Centroids by Integration , Theorems of Pappus-Guldinus, Distributed Loads on Beams, Centre of Gravity of a Three-Dimensional Body, Centroid of a Volume, Composite Bodies , Determination of Centroids of Volumes by Integration. Moments of Inertia of Areas and Mass - Determination of the Moment of Inertia of an Area by Integration, Polar Moment of Inertia , Radius of Gyration of an Area , Parallel Axis Theorem , Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas, Moments of Inertia of a Mass - Moments of Inertia of Thin Plates , Determination of the Moment of Inertia of a Three-Dimensional Body by Integration

UNIT IV - FRICTION

The Laws of Dry Friction, Coefficients of Friction, Angles of Friction, Wedge friction, Wheel Friction, Rolling Resistance, Ladder friction

UNIT V - DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES

Kinematics - Rectilinear Motion and Curvilinear Motion of Particles. Kinetics- Newton’s Second Law of Motion -Equations of Motions, Dynamic Equilibrium, Energy and Momentum Methods - Work of a Force, Kinetic Energy of a Particle, Principle of Work and Energy, Principle of Impulse and Momentum, Impact of bodies

UNIT I - FLUIDS PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS

Scope of fluid mechanics – Definitions of a fluid – Methods of analysis – Continuum hypothesis – System and Control volume approach – Reynold’s transportation theorem – Fluid properties – Fluid statics – Manometry – Forces on plane and curved surfaces – Buoyancy and floatation – Stability of floating bodies

UNIT II- BASIC CONCEPTS OF FLUID FLOW

Kinematics: Classification of flows – Streamline, streak-line and path-lines – Stream function and velocity potentials – Flow nets; Dynamics : Application of control volume to continuity, energy and momentum – Euler’s equation of motion along a stream line – Bernoulli’s equation – Applications to velocity and discharge measurements – Linear momentum equation – Application to Pipe bends – Moment of momentum equation

UNIT III - DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL STUDIES

Fundamental dimensions – Dimensional homogeneity – Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham Pi theorem – Dimensionless parameters – Similitude and model studies – Distorted and undistorted models

UNIT IV - INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOW

Reynolds experiment – Laminar flow in pipes and between parallel plates – Development of laminar and turbulent flows in pipes – Darcy-Weisbach equation – Moody diagram – Major and minor losses of flow in pipes – Total energy line – Hydraulic grade line – Siphon – Pipes in series and parallel – Equivalent pipes

UNIT V - BOUNDARY LAYERS

Definition of boundary layers – Laminar and turbulent boundary layers – Displacement, momentum and energy thickness – Momentum integral equation – Applications – Separation of boundary layer – Drag and Lift forces

UNIT I - STONES - BRICKS - CONCRETE BLOCKS - LIME

Stone as building material – Criteria for selection – Tests on stones – Bricks – Classification – Manufacturing of clay bricks – Tests on bricks – Compressive strength – Water Absorption – Efflorescence – Lime – Preparation of lime mortar – Concrete hollow blocks – Lightweight concrete blocks

UNIT II - OTHER MATERIALS

Timber – Market forms – Plywood – Veneer – False ceiling materials – Steel – Mechanical treatment – Aluminum – Uses – Market forms – Glass – Ceramics – Refractories – Composite Materials – Types and applications – FRP – Fibre textiles – Geomembranes and Geotextiles for earth reinforcement

UNIT III - CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES & SERVICE REQUIREMENTS

Types of Foundations – Shallow and Deep Foundations – Stone Masonry – Brick Masonry – Plastering and Pointing – Cavity Walls – Diaphragm Walls – Formwork – Centering and Shuttering – Shoring – Scaffolding – Underpinning – Roofing – Flooring – Joints in concrete – Contraction / Construction / Expansion joints – Fire Protection – Thermal Insulation – Ventilation and Air conditioning – Acoustics and Sound Insulation – Damp Proofing

UNIT IV - CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

Selection of equipment for earthwork excavation, concreting, material handling and erection of structures – Dewatering and pumping equipment

UNIT V - CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

Introduction to construction planning – Scheduling for activities – Critical path method (CPM) and PERT network modelling and time analysis – Case illustrations

UNIT I - WATER SUPPLY

Estimation of surface and subsurface water resources - Predicting demand for water- Impurities of water and their significance - Physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis - Waterborne diseases - Standards for potable water. Intake of water: Pumping and gravity schemes

UNIT II - WATER TREATMENT

Objectives - Unit operations and processes - Principles, functions, and design of water treatment plant units, aerators of flash mixers, Coagulation and flocculation – Clarifloccuator - Plate and tube settlers - Pulsator clarifier - sand filters - Disinfection - softening, removal of iron and manganese - Defluoridation - Softening - Desalination process - Residue Management - Construction, Operation and Maintenance aspects

UNIT III - WATER STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION

Storage and balancing reservoirs - types, location and capacity. Distribution system: layout, hydraulics of pipe lines, pipe fittings, valves including check and pressure reducing valves, meters, analysis of distribution systems, leak detection, maintenance of distribution systems, pumping stations and their operations - House service connections

Practicing three dimensional modeling of simple objects by CAD Software (Not for examination)

UNIT IV - PLANNING AND DESIGN OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM

Sewer materials - Hydraulics of flow in sanitary sewers - Sewer design - Storm drainage-Storm runoff estimation - Sewer appurtenances - Corrosion in sewers - Prevention and control – Sewage pumping-drainage in buildings - Plumbing systems for drainage

UNIT V - SEWAGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

Objectives - Selection of Treatment Methods - Principles, Functions, - Activated Sludge Process and Extended aeration systems - Trickling filters - Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR) - UASB - Waste Stabilization Ponds - Other treatment methods - Reclamation and Reuse of sewage - Recent Advances in Sewage Treatment - Construction, Operation and Maintenance aspects. - Discharge standards-sludge treatment -Disposal of sludge

UNIT I - FUNDAMENTALS OF CONVENTIONAL SURVEYING

Definition – Classifications – Basic principles – Equipment and accessories for ranging and chaining – Methods of ranging – Well conditioned triangles – Chain traversing – Compass – Basic principles – Types – Bearing – System and conversions – Sources of errors and Local attraction – Magnetic declination – Dip – compass traversing – Plane table and its accessories – Merits and demerits – Radiation – Intersection – Resection – Plane table traversing

UNIT II - LEVELLING

Level line – Horizontal line – Datum – Benchmarks – Levels and staves – Temporary and permanent adjustments – Methods of leveling – Fly leveling – Check leveling – Procedure in leveling – Booking – Reduction – Curvature and refraction – Reciprocal leveling – Precise leveling - Contouring

UNIT III - THEODOLITE SURVEYING

Horizontal and vertical angle measurements – Temporary and permanent adjustments – Heights and distances – Tacheometric surveying – Stadia Tacheometry – Tangential Tacheometry – Trigonometric leveling – Single Plane method – Double Plane method

UNIT IV - CONTROL SURVEYING AND ADJUSTMENT

Horizontal and vertical control – Methods – Triangulation – Traversing – Gale‘s table – Trilateration – Concepts of measurements and errors – Error propagation and Linearization – Adjustment methods - Least square methods – Angles, lengths and levelling network

UNIT V - MODERN SURVEYING

Total Station: Digital Theodolite, EDM, Electronic field book – Advantages – Parts and accessories – Working principle – Observables – Errors - COGO functions – Field procedure and applications. GPS: Advantages – System components – Signal structure – Selective availability and antispoofing receiver components and antenna – Planning and data acquisition – Data processing – Errors in GPS – Field procedure and applications