UNIT I - EMISSION FROM AUTOMOBILES
Sources of Pollution. Various emissions from Automobiles — Formation — Effects of pollutants on environment human beings. Emission control techniques – Emission standards - National and international
UNIT II - EMISSION FROM SPARK IGNITION ENGINE AND ITS CONTROL
Emission formation in SI Engines- Carbon monoxide- Unburned hydrocarbon, NOx, Smoke — Effects of design and operating variables on emission formation – controlling of pollutants Catalytic converters — Charcoal Canister — Positive Crank case ventilation system, Secondary air injection, thermal reactor, Laser Assisted Combustion
UNIT III - EMISSION FROM COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE AND ITS CONTROL
Formation of White, Blue, and Black Smokes, NOx, soot, sulphur particulate and Intermediate Compounds – Physical and Chemical delay — Significance Effect of Operating variables on Emission formation — Fumigation, EGR, HCCI, Particulate Traps, SCR — Cetane number Effect
UNIT IV - NOISE POLLUTION FROM AUTOMOBILES
Sources of Noise — Engine Noise, Transmission Noise, vehicle structural Noise, aerodynamics noise, Exhaust Noise. Noise reduction in Automobiles — Encapsulation technique for noise reduction — Silencer Design
UNIT V - TEST PROCEDURES AND EMISSION MEASUREMENTS
Constant Volume Sampling I and 3 (CVSI & CVS3) Systems- Sampling Procedures — Chassis dyno - Seven mode and thirteen mode cycles for Emission Sampling — Sampling problems — world harmonized driving cycles - Emission analysers —NDIR, FID, Chemiluminesecent, Smoke meters, Dilution Tunnel, SHED Test, Sound level meters. Particle counter