AU DOCS : GPA, CGPA, Attendance Calculators, Syllabus, Results, Notes, News & More

UNIT I - REFINERY OF FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

Introduction to Structure of petroleum, refining Process-Distillation, cracking processes, Catalytic reforming, alkylation, isomerisation and polymerization, finishing process- blending, products of refining process. Manufacture of lubricating oil base stocks, manufacture of finished automotive lubricants

UNIT II - THEORY OF LUBRICATION

Engine friction: introduction, total engine friction, effect of engine variables on friction, hydrodynamic lubrication, elastic hydrodynamic lubrication, boundary lubrication, bearing lubrication, functions of the lubrication system, introduction to design of a lubricating system

UNIT III - LUBRICANTS

Specific requirements for automotive lubricants, oxidation deterioration and degradation of lubricants, additives and additive mechanism, synthetic lubricants, classification of lubricating oils, properties of lubricating oils, tests on lubricants. Grease, classification, properties, test used in grease- lubricants for gearbox, brake, differential and steering systems

UNIT IV - PROPERTIES AND TESTING OF FUELS

Properties and testing of fuels- density, calorific value, cetane and octane number, flash point, fire point, distillation, vapour pressure, spontaneous ignition temperature, viscosity, cloud and pour point, flammability, ignitability, diesel index, API gravity, aniline point, carbon residue, copper strip corrosion. Test on used lubricants. Biofuel-properties and testing

UNIT V - TESTING INSTRUMENTS

Working principles and types – viscometers, calorimeters, flash and fire point apparatus, cloud and pour point apparatus, distillation apparatus, penetrometer, carbon residue apparatus, CFR engine, vapour pressure testing equipment, copper strip equipment, Aniline point apparatus -Ash content testing equipment - specifications of fuels. ASTM and SAE standards - FTIR- GCMS analysers

UNIT I - INTRODUCTION, FRAME, STEERING SYSTEM

Types of Chassis layout, with reference to Power Plant location and drive, various types of frames, Loads acting on vehicle frame, Constructional details and materials for frames, Testing of frames, Types of Front Axles and Stub Axles, Front Wheel Geometry, Condition for True Rolling Motion of Wheels during Steering, Ackerman’s and Davis Steering Mechanisms, Steering Error Curve, Steering Linkages, Different Types of Steering Gears, Slip Angle, Over–Steer and Under Steer, Reversible and Irreversible Steering, EPAS

UNIT II - PROPELLER SHAFT AND FINAL DRIVE

Effect of Driving Thrust, torque reactions and side thrust, Hotchkiss drive, torque tube drive, radius rods and stabilizers, Propeller Shaft, Universal Joints, Constant Velocity Universal Joints, Front Wheel drive, Final drive, different types, Double reduction and twin speed final drives, Multi–axled vehicles, Differential principle and types, Differential housings, limited speed differential, Differential locks

UNIT III - AXLES AND TYRES

Construction and Design of Drive Axles, Types of Loads acting on drive axles, Full – Floating, Three–Quarter Floating and Semi–Floating Axles, Axle Housings and Types – Lift axle, Dead axle, Types and Constructional Details of Different Types of Wheels and Rims, Different Types of Tyres and their constructional details

UNIT IV - SUSPENSION SYSTEM

Need for Suspension System, Types of Suspension Springs, Constructional details and characteristics of Single Leaf, Multi–Leaf, Coil, and Torsion bar, Rubber, Pneumatic and Hydro – elastic Suspension Spring Systems, Independent Suspension System, Shock Absorbers, Types and Constructional details

UNIT V - BRAKING SYSTEM

Theory of Automobile Braking, Stopping Distance Time and Braking Efficiency, Effect of Weight Transfer during Braking, Theory of Drum Brakes, Loading and Trailing Shoes, Braking Torque, Constructional Details of Drum Brake and its Activators, Disc Brake Theory, Types and Construction, Hydraulic Braking System, Mechanical Braking System, Pneumatic Braking System, Power–Assisted Braking System, Anti–Lock Braking System, Constructional Details

UNIT I - CAR BODY DETAILS

Types of Car body - Saloon, convertibles, Limousine, Estate Van, Racing and Sports car –car body terminology - Visibility- regulations, driver’s visibility, improvement in visibility and tests for visibility. Driver seat design -Car Body Construction -Various panels in car bodies. Safety: Safety design, safety equipment for cars

UNIT II- BUS BODY DETAILS

Types of bus body: based on capacity, distance travelled and based on construction. – Bus body lay out, floor height, engine location, entrance and exit location. Types of metal sections used – Regulations – Constructional details: Conventional and integral

UNIT III - COMMERCIAL VEHICLE DETAILS

Types of commercial vehicle bodies - Light commercial vehicle body. Construction details of Flat platform body, Tipper body and Tanker body – Dimensions of driver’s seat in relation to controls – Driver’s cab design

UNIT IV - VEHICLE AERODYNAMICS

Objectives, Vehicle drag and types. Various types of forces and moments. Effects of forces and moments. Side wind effects on forces and moments. Various body optimization techniques for minimum drag. Wind tunnels – Principle of operation, Types. Wind tunnel testing such as: Flow visualization techniques, Airflow management test – measurement of various forces and moments by using wind tunnel balance

UNIT V - BODY MATERIALS, TRIM, MECHANISMS AND BODY REPAIR

Types and properties of materials used in body construction and insulation -Such as steel sheet, timber, plastics and GRP, Insulation materials. Body trim items-body mechanisms. Hand tools power tools for body repair. Vehicle corrosion-Anticorrosion methods-Modern painting process procedure

UNIT I - STRESS, STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS

Rigid and Deformable bodies – Strength, Stiffness and Stability – Stresses and Strains: Tensile, Compressive and Shear – Material Behaviour- Elastic Vs Plastic – Response of Real Materials: Tensile Test, Compressive Test, Shear Test, Cyclic Tests - strain gauges and rosettes – Deformation of Statically determinate and In-determinate bars of variable cross section & Composite section under axial load – Thermal stress – Elastic constants – Plane Strain – Volumetric Strain

UNIT II - TRANSVERSE LOADING ON BEAMS AND STRESSES IN BEAM

Beams – types transverse loading on beams – Shear force and bending moment in beams Cantilevers – Simply supported beams and over – hanging beams. Theory of simple bending– Bending stress distribution – Flitched beams – Shear stress distribution

UNIT III - TORSION

Torsion formulation stresses and deformation in circular and hollows shafts – Stepped shafts – Deflection in shafts fixed at the both ends – Stresses in helical springs – Deflection of helical springs, – Closed and Open Coiled helical springs – springs in series and parallel, carriage springs

UNIT IV - DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

Slope, Deflection and Radius of Curvature – Methods of Determination of Slope and Deflection Double Integration method – Macaulay’s method – Area moment Theorems for computation of slopes and deflections in beams - Conjugate beam and strain energy – Maxwell’s reciprocal theorems

UNIT V - THICK & THIN SHELLS & PRINCIPAL STRESSES

Stresses in thin cylindrical shell due to internal pressure, circumferential and longitudinal stresses and deformation in thin cylinders – spherical shells subjected to internal pressure – Deformation in spherical shells – Lame’s theory – Application of theories of failure – Stresses on inclined planes –principal stresses and principal planes – Mohr’s circle of stress

UNIT I - CLUTCH

Requirement of transmission system, Types of transmission system, Requirement of Clutches – Functions-Types of clutches, construction and operation of Single plate, multi plate and Diaphragm spring clutches. Centrifugal clutch, Electronic clutch

UNIT II - GEAR BOX

Purpose of gear box. Construction and working principle of sliding, constant and synchromesh gear boxes, Automatic manual transmission. Introduction to epicycle gear trains, Numerical examples on performance of automobile such as Resistance to motion, Tractive effort, Engine speed & power and acceleration. Determination of gear ratios for different vehicle applications

UNIT III - HYDRODYNAMIC TRANSMISSION

Fluid coupling – principles - Performance characteristics – advantages – limitations – drag torque – reduction of drag torque. Torque converter - principles - Performance characteristics – advantages – limitations – multistage and polyphase torque converters

UNIT IV - HYDROSTATIC DRIVE

Hydrostatic drive; various types of hydrostatic systems – Principles of Hydrostatic drive system. Advantages and limitations. Comparison of hydrostatic drive with hydrodynamic drive, construction and working of typical Janny hydrostatic drive

UNIT V - AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION AND ELECTRIC DRIVE

Wilson gear box- Cotal electric transmission. Chevrolet “Turboglide” transmission. – Four speeds longitudinally mounted automatic transmission -Hydraulic control systems of automatic transmission. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) –– types – Operations. Electric drive types- Principle of early and modified Ward Leonard Control system-Advantages & limitations - Automated Manual Transmission (AMT) - Modern electric drives

UNIT I - ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY

Definition, scope and importance of environment – need for public awareness. Eco-system and Energy flow– ecological succession. Types of biodiversity: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity– values of biodiversity, India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ

UNIT II - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Causes, Effects and Preventive measures of Water, Soil, Air and Noise Pollutions. Solid, Hazardous and E-Waste management. Case studies on Occupational Health and Safety Management system (OHASMS). Environmental protection, Environmental protection acts

UNIT III - RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

Energy management and conservation, New Energy Sources: Need of new sources. Different types new energy sources. Applications of- Hydrogen energy, Ocean energy resources, Tidal energy conversion. Concept, origin and power plants of geothermal energy

UNIT IV - SUSTAINABILITY AND MANAGEMENT

Development, GDP, Sustainability- concept, needs and challenges-economic, social and aspects of sustainability-from unsustainability to sustainability-millennium development goals, and protocols-Sustainable Development Goals-targets, indicators and intervention areas Climate change- Global, Regional and local environmental issues and possible solutions-case studies. Concept of Carbon Credit, Carbon Footprint. Environmental management in industry-A case study

UNIT V - SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES

Zero waste and R concept, Circular economy, ISO 14000 Series, Material Life cycle assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment. Sustainable habitat: Green buildings, Green materials, Energy efficiency, Sustainable transports.Sustainable energy: Non-conventional Sources, Energy Cycles-carbon cycle, emission and sequestration, Green Engineering: Sustainable urbanization- Socio-Economical and technological change

AUTOMOBILE Sem-4

AU3401-FUELS AND LUBRICANTS